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<HTML> <!-- SECTION: Getting Started --> <HEAD> <TITLE>Printing and Options</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <P>CUPS provides both the System V (<A HREF="man-lp.html">lp(1)</A>) and Berkeley (<A HREF="man-lpr.html">lpr(1)</A>) printing commands for printing files. In addition, it supported a large number of standard and printer-specific options that allow you to control how and where files are printed.</P> <H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="BASICS">Printing Files</A></H2> <P>CUPS understands many different types of files directly, including text, PostScript, PDF, and image files. This allows you to print from inside your applications or at the command-line, whichever is most convenient! Type either of the following commands to print a file to the default (or only) printer on the system:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp filename lpr filename </PRE> <H3><A NAME="PRINTER">Choosing a Printer</A></H3> <P>Many systems will have more than one printer available to the user. These printers can be attached to the local system via a parallel, serial, or USB port, or available over the network. Use the <A HREF="man-lpstat.html">lpstat(1)</A> command to see a list of available printers:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lpstat -p -d </PRE> <P>The <CODE>-p</CODE> option specifies that you want to see a list of printers, and the <CODE>-d</CODE> option reports the current default printer or class.</P> <P>Use the <CODE>-d</CODE> option with the <B>lp</B> command to print to a specific printer:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -d printer filename </PRE> <P>or the <CODE>-P</CODE> option with the <B>lpr</B> command:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lpr -P printer filename </PRE> <H3><A NAME="DEFAULT">Setting the Default Printer</A></H3> <P>If you normally use a particular printer, you can tell CUPS to use it by default using the <A HREF="man-lpoptions.html">lpoptions(1)</A> command:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lpoptions -d printer </PRE> <H3><A NAME="PIPE">Printing the Output of a Program</A></H3> <P>Both the <B>lp</B> and <B>lpr</B> commands support printing from the standard input:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> program | lp program | lp -d printer program | lpr program | lpr -P printer </PRE> <P>If the program does not provide any output, then nothing will be queued for printing.</P> <H3><A NAME="WITHOPTIONS">Specifying Printer Options</A></H3> <P>For many types of files, the default printer options may be sufficient for your needs. However, there may be times when you need to change the options for a particular file you are printing.</P> <P>The <B>lp</B> and <B>lpr</B> commands allow you to pass printer options using the <CODE>-o</CODE> option:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg lpr -o landscape -o scaling=75 -o media=A4 filename.jpg </PRE> <P>The available printer options vary depending on the printer. The standard options are described in the "<A HREF="#OPTIONS">Standard Printing Options</A>" section below. Printer-specific options are also available and can be listed using the <B>lpoptions</B> command:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lpoptions -p printer -l </PRE> <H3><A NAME="COPIES">Printing Multiple Copies</A></H3> <P>Both the <B>lp</B> and <B>lpr</B> commands have options for printing more than one copy of a file:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -n <I>num-copies</I> filename lpr -#<I>num-copies</I> filename </PRE> <P>Copies are normally <EM>not</EM> collated for you. Use the <CODE>-o Collate=True</CODE> option to get collated copies:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -n <I>num-copies</I> -o Collate=True filename lpr -#<I>num-copies</I> -o Collate=True filename </PRE> <H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="CANCEL">Canceling a Print Job</A></H2> <P>The <A HREF="man-cancel.html">cancel(1)</A> and <A HREF="man-lprm.html">lprm(1)</A> commands cancel a print job:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> cancel <I>job-id</I> lprm <I>job-id</I> </PRE> <P>The <I>job-id</I> is the number that was reported to you by the <B>lp</B> command. You can also get the job ID using the <A HREF="man-lpq.html">lpq(1)</A> or <A HREF="man-lpstat.html">lpstat</A> commands:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lpq lpstat </PRE> <H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="OPTIONS">Standard Printing Options</A></H2> <P>The following options apply when printing all types of files.</P> <H3><A NAME="MEDIA">Selecting the Media Size, Type, and Source</A></H3> <P>The <CODE>-o media=xyz</CODE> option sets the media size, type, and/or source:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -o media=Letter filename lp -o media=Letter,MultiPurpose filename lpr -o media=Letter,Transparency filename lpr -o media=Letter,MultiPurpose,Transparency filename </PRE> <P>The available media sizes, types, and sources depend on the printer, but most support the following options (case is not significant):</P> <UL> <LI><CODE>Letter</CODE> - US Letter (8.5x11 inches, or 216x279mm) <LI><CODE>Legal</CODE> - US Legal (8.5x14 inches, or 216x356mm) <LI><CODE>A4</CODE> - ISO A4 (8.27x11.69 inches, or 210x297mm) <LI><CODE>COM10</CODE> - US #10 Envelope (9.5x4.125 inches, or 241x105mm) <LI><CODE>DL</CODE> - ISO DL Envelope (8.66x4.33 inches, or 220x110mm) <LI><CODE>Transparency</CODE> - Transparency media type or source <LI><CODE>Upper</CODE> - Upper paper tray <LI><CODE>Lower</CODE> - Lower paper tray <LI><CODE>MultiPurpose</CODE> - Multi-purpose paper tray <LI><CODE>LargeCapacity</CODE> - Large capacity paper tray </UL> <P>The actual options supported are defined in the printer's PPD file in the <CODE>PageSize</CODE>, <CODE>InputSlot</CODE>, and <CODE>MediaType</CODE> options. You can list them using the <B>lpoptions(1)</B> command:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lpoptions -p printer -l </PRE> <P>When <CODE>Custom</CODE> is listed for the <CODE>PageSize</CODE> option, you can specify custom media sizes using one of the following forms:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -o media=Custom.<I>WIDTH</I>x<I>LENGTH</I> filename lp -o media=Custom.<I>WIDTH</I>x<I>LENGTH</I>in filename lp -o media=Custom.<I>WIDTH</I>x<I>LENGTH</I>cm filename lp -o media=Custom.<I>WIDTH</I>x<I>LENGTH</I>mm filename </PRE> <P>where "WIDTH" and "LENGTH" are the width and length of the media in points, inches, centimeters, or millimeters, respectively.</P> <H3><A NAME="ORIENTATION">Setting the Orientation</A></H3> <P>The <CODE>-o landscape</CODE> option will rotate the page 90 degrees to print in landscape orientation:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -o landscape filename lpr -o landscape filename </PRE> <P>The <CODE>-o orientation-requested=N</CODE> option rotates the page depending on the value of N:</P> <UL> <LI><CODE>-o orientation-requested=3</CODE> - portrait orientation (no rotation)</LI> <LI><CODE>-o orientation-requested=4</CODE> - landscape orientation (90 degrees)</LI> <LI><CODE>-o orientation-requested=5</CODE> - reverse landscape or seascape orientation (270 degrees)</LI> <LI><CODE>-o orientation-requested=6</CODE> - reverse portrait or upside-down orientation (180 degrees)</LI> </UL> <H3><A NAME="SIDES">Printing On Both Sides of the Paper</A></H3> <P>The <CODE>-o sides=two-sided-short-edge</CODE> and <CODE>-o sides=two-sided-long-edge</CODE> options will enable two-sided printing on the printer if the printer supports it. The <CODE>-o sides=two-sided-short-edge</CODE> option is suitable for landscape pages, while the <CODE>-o sides=two-sided-long-edge</CODE> option is suitable for portrait pages:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -o sides=two-sided-short-edge filename lp -o sides=two-sided-long-edge filename lpr -o sides=two-sided-long-edge filename </PRE> <P>The default is to print single-sided:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -o sides=one-sided filename lpr -o sides=one-sided filename </PRE> <H3><A NAME="JOBSHEETS">Selecting the Banner Page(s)</A></H3> <P>The <CODE>-o jobsheets=start,end</CODE> option sets the banner page(s) to use for a job:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -o job-sheets=none filename lp -o job-sheets=standard filename lpr -o job-sheets=classified,classified filename </PRE> <P>If only one banner file is specified, it will be printed before the files in the job. If a second banner file is specified, it is printed after the files in the job.</P> <P>The available banner pages depend on the local system configuration; CUPS includes the following banner files:</P> <UL> <LI><CODE>none</CODE> - Do not produce a banner page. <LI><CODE>classified</CODE> - A banner page with a "classified" label at the top and bottom. <LI><CODE>confidential</CODE> - A banner page with a "confidential" label at the top and bottom. <LI><CODE>secret</CODE> - A banner page with a "secret" label at the top and bottom. <LI><CODE>standard</CODE> - A banner page with no label at the top and bottom. <LI><CODE>topsecret</CODE> - A banner page with a "top secret" label at the top and bottom. <LI><CODE>unclassified</CODE> - A banner page with an "unclassified" label at the top and bottom. </UL> <H3><A NAME="OUTPUTORDER">Specifying the Output Order</A></H3> <P>The <CODE>-o outputorder=normal</CODE> and <CODE>-o outputorder=reverse</CODE> options specify the order of the pages. Normal order prints page 1 first, page 2 second, and so forth. Reverse order prints page 1 last.</P> <H3><A NAME="PAGERANGES">Selecting a Range of Pages</A></H3> <P>The <CODE>-o page-ranges=pages</CODE> option selects a range of pages for printing:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -o page-ranges=1 filename lp -o page-ranges=1-4 filename lp -o page-ranges=1-4,7,9-12 filename lpr -o page-ranges=1-4,7,9-12 filename </PRE> <P>As shown above, the <CODE>pages</CODE> value can be a single page, a range of pages, or a collection of page numbers and ranges separated by commas. The pages will always be printed in ascending order, regardless of the order of the pages in the <CODE>page-ranges</CODE> option. <P>The default is to print all pages. <H3><A NAME="PAGESET">Selecting Even or Odd Pages</A></H3> <P>Use the <CODE>-o page-set=set</CODE> option to select the even or odd pages:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -o page-set=odd filename lp -o page-set=even filename lpr -o page-set=even filename </PRE> <P>The default is to print all pages. <H3><A NAME="NUMBERUP">N-Up Printing</A></H3> <P>The <CODE>-o number-up=value</CODE> option selects N-Up printing. N-Up printing places multiple document pages on a single printed page. CUPS supports 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 16-Up formats; the default format is 1-Up:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -o number-up=1 filename lp -o number-up=2 filename lp -o number-up=4 filename lpr -o number-up=16 filename </PRE> <P>The <CODE>-o page-border=value</CODE> option chooses the border to draw around each page:</P> <UL> <LI><CODE>-o page-border=double</CODE>; draw two hairline borders around each page</LI> <LI><CODE>-o page-border=double-thick</CODE>; draw two 1pt borders around each page</LI> <LI><CODE>-o page-border=none</CODE>; do not draw a border (default)</LI> <LI><CODE>-o page-border=single</CODE>; draw one hairline border around each page</LI> <LI><CODE>-o page-border=single-thick</CODE>; draw one 1pt border around each page</LI> </UL> <P>The <CODE>-o number-up-layout=value</CODE> option chooses the layout of the pages on each output page:</P> <UL> <LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=btlr</CODE>; Bottom to top, left to right</LI> <LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=btrl</CODE>; Bottom to top, right to left</LI> <LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=lrbt</CODE>; Left to right, bottom to top</LI> <LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=lrtb</CODE>; Left to right, top to bottom (default)</LI> <LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=rlbt</CODE>; Right to left, bottom to top</LI> <LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=rltb</CODE>; Right to left, top to bottom</LI> <LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=tblr</CODE>; Top to bottom, left to right</LI> <LI><CODE>-o number-up-layout=tbrl</CODE>; Top to bottom, right to left</LI> </UL> <H3><A NAME="FITPLOT">Scaling to Fit</A></H3> <P>The <CODE>-o fitplot</CODE> option specifies that the document should be scaled to fit on the page:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -o fitplot filename lpr -o fitplot filename </PRE> <P>The default is to use the size specified in the file.</P> <BLOCKQUOTE>Note: This feature depends upon an accurate size in the print file. If no size is given in the file, the page may be scaled incorrectly!</BLOCKQUOTE> <H3><A NAME="RAW">Raw or Unfiltered Output</A></H3> <P>The <CODE>-o raw</CODE> option allows you to send files directly to a printer without filtering. This is sometimes required when printing from applications that provide their own "printer drivers" for your printer:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -o raw filename lpr -o raw filename </PRE> <P>The <CODE>-l</CODE> option can also be used with the <B>lpr</B> command to send files directly to a printer:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lpr -l filename </PRE> <H2 CLASS="title"><A NAME="TEXTOPTIONS">Text Options</A></H2> <P>CUPS supports several options that are only used when printing plain text files. These options have absolutely no effect on PostScript, PDF, HP-GL/2, or image files.</P> <H3><A NAME="CPI">Setting the Number of Characters Per Inch</A></H3> <P>The <CODE>-o cpi=value</CODE> option sets the number of characters per inch:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -o cpi=10 filename lp -o cpi=12 filename lpr -o cpi=17 filename </PRE> <P>The default characters per inch is 10.</P> <H3><A NAME="LPI">Setting the Number of Lines Per Inch</A></H3> <P>The <CODE>-o lpi=value</CODE> option sets the number of lines per inch:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -o lpi=6 filename lpr -o lpi=8 filename </PRE> <P>The default lines per inch is 6.</P> <H3><A NAME="COLUMNS">Setting the Number of Columns</A></H3> <P>The <CODE>-o columns=value</CODE> option sets the number of text columns:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -o columns=2 filename lpr -o columns=3 filename </PRE> <P>The default number of columns is 1.</P> <H3><A NAME="MARGINS">Setting the Page Margins</A></H3> <P>Normally the page margins are set to the hard limits of the printer. Use the <CODE>-o page-left=value</CODE>, <CODE>-o page-right=value</CODE>, <CODE>-o page-top=value</CODE>, and <CODE>-o page-bottom=value</CODE> options to adjust the page margins:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -o page-left=<I>value</I> filename lp -o page-right=<I>value</I> filename lp -o page-top=<I>value</I> filename lp -o page-bottom=<I>value</I> filename lpr -o page-left=<I>value</I> -o page-right=<I>value</I> -o page-top=<I>value</I> -o page-bottom=<I>value</I> filename </PRE> <P>The <CODE>value</CODE> argument is the margin in points; each point is 1/72 inch or 0.35mm.</P> <H3><A NAME="PRETTYPRINT">Pretty Printing</A></H3> <P>The <CODE>-o prettyprint</CODE> option puts a header at the top of each page with the page number, job title (usually the filename), and the date. Also, C and C++ keywords are highlighted, and comment lines are italicized:</P> <PRE CLASS="command"> lp -o prettyprint filename lpr -o prettyprint filename </PRE> </BODY> </HTML>